Method and apparatus for waving hair



Feb. 12, 1957 G. ROS'CH 2,781,045

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed March 30, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet1 INVENT OR Gusza v. #5899 ATTORNEY Feb. 12, 1957 a. ROSCH 2,781,045

METHOD AND APPARATUS F OR WAVING HAIR Filed'March 30, 1954 2 heets-Sheet2 1N VENTOR Gusfa VQ Hose;

ATTORNEY United States Patent "@fice METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR'WAVINGHAIR Gustav Riisch, Valparaiso, Chile Application March 30, 1954, SerialNo. 419,800

8 Claims. (Cl. 1327) My invention consists of an apparatus for andmethod of treating human hair for obtaining permanent waves and curlswhich has substantial advantages over existing apparatus for waving orcurling hair and those methods which are being used at present.

The apparatus which I have invented for permanently waving the haircomprises a cylindrical rod-like body member provided with twodiametrically opposite rows of teeth or spines disposed in comb-likefashion, between which the hair is wound around the body, the free endof the hair being held by a clamping bar member of arcuate crosssection, one end of which is pivotally attached to the corresponding endof the body while its other end is initially held against the body'bypressure exerted between the indexvfinger and thumb to clamp the freeend of a lock of hair and, after thefirst half turn of the body andclamping bar, is held'in clamping position by the hair itself.Alternatively, one or more of the two rows of spines may be madeintegral with or positioned on the clamping bar instead of the body.With this apparatus it is possible to make waves and curls at the sametime.

The invention is described hereinbelow with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. I is a perspective view of one embodiment of my new wave shaper andcurler, hereinafter referred to as apparatus;

Fig. II is a perspective view of another form of construction thereof;

Figs. III, IV and V illustrate on a reduced scale the successive stepsin winding the hair, and Figs. VI and VH show different waves resultingfrom using apparatus of different sizes, or by displacing the hair adifferent number of spines to each side.

Like reference numbers denote like parts throughout the several views.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. I,

III, IV and V it will be seen that the cylindrical body member 1 isprovided with two diametrically opposite rows of cylindrical spines 2,3, having conical free ends 2a and 3a, the spines being spaced a uniformdistance apart in order to facilitate the introduction of the hairtherebetween. One end of body member 1 is provided with a flattenedmilled holder 8 and near holder 8 a clamping member 4 ofarcuate-cross-section having a forked end is pivoted to body member 1 bya pin 5, the curvature of the clamping member being U-shaped on the sidefacing the cylindrical body member and substantially equal to that ofthe rod so that the free end of the hair 9 may be efl ectually clampedto the side of the spines 2, 3, by the clamping member 4 which is heldtightly between the fingers of the hair-dresser until the hair is wounda half turn, after which the clamping member is held down by the hairitself.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. II of the drawings, two rows of spines12, 13, are fixed to the longitudinal edges of a clamping member 14instead of to the body member 11, this body member having a smooth freecylindrical surface, and the remaining parts of the:device being thesame as in the embodiment illustrated in=Fig. I.

In making use of my new wave-shaper. .andtcurler, after the hair hasbeen impregnated with a liquid of'the type which is used in coldpermanent waving, the free end thereof is clamped by the member4 to thebody member 1, and wound aroundthe body and clamp member between thespines by rotating the apparatus until the lock of hair is fully woundthereon. In order1toform :the wave, the apparatus is shifted axiallytoone side as it is being turned, thus inclining the hair with respectthereto at an angle of approximately 45, as may be seen in'Fig. III ofthe drawings. If the first wave is desired with an inclination towardsthe right, the apparatusis shifted-to the left; if the wave is desiredwith an inclination towards the left, vice-versa. It will be understoodthat the greater the diameter of the'body round which the hair isbeingwound, the larger is the wave obtained. The entire apparatus with thefree end of the hair clampedto it is given one complete turn, afterwhich it is moved in the opposite direction giving the hair a contraryinclination of approximately 45 with respect'to the body member, as maybe seen in Fig. IV. Theoperation is repeatedby displacing the apparatusalternately to the right or left after each complete turn thereof untilthe hair has been wound up completely in the form of-a hollow cylinderconsisting of overlapping spiral convolutions or segments crossing eachother in opposite directions. In Figs. III, IV and V of the drawings isshown schematically the successive positions acquired by the hairrelative :to ;the body member during one complete turn thereof. Thisprocedure results in a true wave rather thanthemodified curl secured bypresent methods.

The lock ofhair-is maintained rolled up by the rubber band 6 which isstretched to engage a notch 7 at the end of body member 1. The entireapparatus is kept in this position for approximately one hour, dependingon the thickness of the hair, after which a fixing liquid is applied.The hair is left impregnated with this liquid for approximately aquarter of an hour and then taken down. The hair may then be washed, forexample with a shampoo, and will remain permanently waved.

Curls are obtained by winding the hair on the body and clamp memberwithout any relative lateral displacement thereof; consequently, thehair is not given any inclination with respect to the apparatus. It isalso possible to obtain curls and waves in one lock of hair, by firstwinding the hair with no relative lateral displacement of the apparatusand then, beginning at the point at which the Wave is required,displacing the apparatus to left or right in accordance with theinclination desired and the already described method for waving the hairis applied.

The length and depth of hair waves obtained with the apparatus of thepresent invention depends on the diameter of the body and clamp member,three sizes of which are generally sufi'icient for a complete waving andcurling operation.

These results are attained by providing the apparatus with spines whichare sufiiciently long and widely spaced to permit insertion of the hairtherebetween so as to fix the direction of the waves while the apparatusis rotated as above described, until the whole length of hair issubjected to the required wave-shaping and curling treatmerit. Theseresults cannot be obtained with any permanent wave shapers heretoforeknown. With the use of the apparatus of the present invention, permanentwaves may be obtained which require no further treatment after drying toretain their shape, and which will not undergo alterations on beingafterward wet.

It is not possible to obtain by previously known methods a wave of thetype which corresponds to the natural Eatented Feb. 12, 1957 wave andwhich is illustrated in Figs. VI and VII. Nor is it possible to obtainby means of other previously known methods a combination of curls andWaves, my invention being the first enabling these results to besuccessfully accomplished.

What I claim is:

1. A hair wave shaper and curler'compr-ising a generally cylindricalmember, a clamping member of generally arcuate cross-section pivoted atone end to one end of said cylindrical member for movement in a planeincluding the longitudinal taxes of both said members, said clampingmember being U-shaped 'on the side facing the cylindrical me' her so asto fit closely against it and form therewith a circumferentially roundedsupport for hair wound thereon, a row of parallel spines projecting fromone of said members and spaced at equal intervals lengthwise thereof,the length and spacing of said spines being sufiicient to permit thewhole length of a substantial lock of hair to be wound up therebetween,and means for retaining said hair in wound up position on said support.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which said spines are positioned onthe body member.

3. A device as claimed inolaim 1 in which said spines 'are positioned onthe clamping member.

'4. The method of permanently waving hair which comprises the steps ofimpregnating each lock of hair to be waved with cold waving fluid,winding said lock into the shape of a hollow cylinder composed of aplurality of overlapping helical segments of hair, each segment runningin an opposite direction from that of the previous segment with respectto the'longitudinal axis of the cylinder, retaining said hair in itsoverilapping helical form while it dries at least partially and thenreleasing the hair.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 in which the hair is impregnated witha fixing fluid before it has been released and then washed after asuitable interval.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5 in which the hair is retained inoverlapping helical form for approximately an hour, and in which theintervalbetween its impregnation with fixing fluid and its being washedis approximately 15 minutes.

7. A method for the permanent waving of hair on a generally cylindricalmember having at least two diametrically opposite longitudinal rows ofspines, which method comprises the stepsof impregnating each lock ofhair to be waved with a cold-waving liquid; clamping the tree end of alock of hair to said cylindrical member, winding each lock about saidcylindrical member between the spines thereof by holding the lock tautwith the cylindrical member at right angles thereto and shifting thecylindrical member and its associated spines axially in one directionand giving said cylindrical member a complete turn to lay a helicalsegment of hair thereon, then shifting said cylindricall member axiallyin the opposite direction and giving it another complete turn to lay ahelical segment of lrair thereon overlapping said first helia calsegment in the opposite angular direction, and re-' peating theseoperations .until the hair is completely wound up; and retaining thesaid lock of hair on the cylindrical member while it dries at leastpartially.

8. A method for the permanent waving and curling of hair as set forth inclaim 7 which comprises an intermediate winding step consisting ofwinding the said lock of hair about said cylindrical member and clampingbar while holding the lock taut and at right angles, to the cylindricalmember, thus obtaining curls instead of waves, whereby a combination ofcurls and waves is obtained.

- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTSMacdonall Sept. 25, 1934

